Tinkering with Earth’s climate to chill runaway global warming — a radical idea once dismissed out of hand — is being discussed by the White House as a potential emergency option, the president’s new science adviser said Wednesday.
That’s because global warming is happening so rapidly, John Holdren said in his first interview since being confirmed last month.
The concept of using technology to cool the climate is called geoengineering. One option raised by Holdren and proposed by a Nobel Prize-winning scientist includes shooting pollution particles into the upper atmosphere to reflect the sun’s rays.
Using such an experimental measure is only being thought of as a last resort, Holdren said.
“It’s got to be looked at,” he said. “We don’t have the luxury … of ruling any approach off the table.”
His concern is that the United States and other nations won’t slow global warming fast enough and that several “tipping points” could be fast approaching. Once such milestones are reached, such as complete loss of summer sea ice in the Arctic, it increases chances of “really intolerable consequences,” he said.
Twice in a half-hour interview Holdren compared global warming to being “in a car with bad brakes driving toward a cliff in the fog.”
He and many experts believe warming of a few degrees more would lead to disastrous drought conditions and food shortages in some regions, rising seas and more powerful coastal storms in others.
At first, Holdren characterized the potential need to technologically tinker with the climate as just his personal view.
He went on, however, to say he has raised it in administration discussions.
“We’re talking about all these issues in the White House,” he said. “There’s a very vigorous process going on of discussing all the options for addressing the energy climate challenge.”
Holdren said discussions include Cabinet officials and heads of sub-Cabinet level agencies, such as NASA and the Environmental Protection Agency.
The 65-year-old physicist is far from alone in taking geoengineering seriously.
The National Academy of Sciences is making it the subject of the first workshop in its new climate challenges program for policy-makers, scientists and the public. The British Parliament also has discussed the idea.
At an international meeting of climate scientists last month in Copenhagen, 15 talks dealt with different aspects of geoengineering.
Holdren, a 1981 winner of a MacArthur Foundation “genius” grant, outlined these possible geoengineering options:
• • Shooting sulfur particles (like those produced by power plants and volcanoes, for example) into the upper atmosphere, an idea that gained steam when it was proposed by Nobel laureate Paul Crutzen in 2006. It would be “basically mimicking the effect of volcanoes in screening out the incoming sunlight,” Holdren said.
• • Creating artificial “trees” — giant towers that suck carbon dioxide out of the air and store it.
While the idea could strike some people as too risky, the Obama administration could get unusual support on the idea from groups that have often denied the harm of global warming in the past.
The conservative think tank American Enterprise Institute has its own geoengineering project, saying it could be “feasible and cost-effective.” And Cato Institute scholar Jerry Taylor said Wednesday, “Very few people would rule out geoengineering on its face.”
Holdren didn’t spell out under what circumstances such extreme measures might ever be called for. He also emphasized they are not something to rely on.
“It would be preferable by far,” he said, “to solve this problem by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases.”
Yet there is already significant opposition building to the House Democratic leaders’ bill aimed at achieving President Barack Obama’s goal of cutting greenhouse gas emissions 20 percent by 2020 and 80 percent by 2050.
Holdren said temperatures should be kept from rising more than 3.6 degrees. To get there, he said, the U.S. and other industrial nations have to begin permanent dramatic cuts in carbon dioxide pollution by 2015, with developing countries following suit within a decade.
Those efforts are racing against three tipping points he cited: Earth could be as close as six years away from the loss of Arctic summer sea ice, he said, and that has the potential of altering the climate in unforeseen ways. Other elements that could dramatically speed up climate change include the release of frozen methane from thawing permafrost in Siberia, and more and bigger wildfires worldwide.
The trouble is that no one knows when these things are coming, he said.
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